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Overview
Diagnostic
Description
Global description
Teramnus labialis is a twining or trailing grass with slender stems, sometimes rooting at the nodes, 0.3 to 3 meters long, having bristles directed backwards. The leaves are composed, alternate, with 3 elliptical leaflets. The very small flowers can be purple, pink or white cream, arranged on an axis, 5 to 12 cm. The fruit is a hairy pod.
Growth Habit
Lianescent plant, very slender, trailling on the ground or voluble when it touches a support around which it is wrapped. It can grow up to 3 meters long.
Underground System
The plant has a deep and solid taproot.
Stem
The stem is cylindrical, slender and hollow. It has retrorse hairs. It is easily rooted at the nodes when in contact with the ground.
Leaf
The leaves are alternate, compound, trifoliate. The petiole is 2 to 5 cm long from the lateral leaflets, the lateral petiolules are 1.5 mm long and the terminal petiole is 6 to 10 mm. All are pubescent. The oval lanceolate stipules are 3 to 4 mm long. The linear stipels are very short. The leaflets are oval to elliptical, roughly equal. The lateral leaflets are slightly asymmetrical at the base, 3 to 8 cm long and 15 to 35 mm wide. The apex is obtuse, mucronate. 5 to 6 alternate lateral veins are visible. The margin is entire, upper face is glabrous or very sparsely hairy. The underside has an applied pubescence.
Inflorescence
Inflorescences in axillary racemes, 2 to 8 cm long, carrying small flowers, isolated or in pairs, carried by a pedicel, 1 to 3 mm.
Flower
The flower has a calyx, 3 to 4 mm long, with erect and stiff hairs, 5 short tines. The corolla is greyish-white or tinted pink, 5 to 7 mm long, only the standard is visible.
Fruit
The fruit is a narrow linear pod, narrow, with terminal beak curved upward, 4.5 cm long and 3 to 4 mm wide and containing 5 to 10 seeds.
Seed
Seed is oblong, 2 to 3 mm long and 1.2 to 2 mm wide, with smooth to granular integument.
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Natural History
Look Alikes
Identification key for lianescent FabaceaeBi-pinnate leaves 1 to 2 pairs of pinnate Mimosa pudica 3 to 9 pairs of pinnate Mimosa diplotricha Pinnate leaves Clitoria heterophylla Trifoliate leaves Lateral leaflets are symmetrical Leaflets elliptic or oval Terminal leaflets similar to lateral leaflets Teramnus labialis Terminal leaflets larger than the lateral leaflets Venation very marked Cajanus scarabaeoides Venation slightly marked leaflets > 10 mm Desmodium adscendens leaflets < 10 mm Desmodium triflorum Extremity of leaflets wedged Leaflets narrowly lanceolate (2 cm) Macroptilium lathyroides Large acuminate leaflets Trigonal stem with scabrous angles Desmodium intortum Cylindrical stem Leaflets with a silver spot petiolule 2 mm Desmodium incanum petiolule 5 to 15 mm Desmodium uncinatum Leaflets uniform green terminal leaflet large (7 cm) Centrosema pubescens Terminal leaflet very large (15 cm) Centrosema plumieri Lateral leaflets asymmetrical Terminal leaflet larger than its length Rhynchosia malacophylla Terminal leaflet as large as its length Large leaf (15 cm) Rhynchosia viscosa Small leaf (7 cm) Rhynchosia minima Terminal leaflets elongated Lateral leaflets with a single rounded lobe Macroptilium atropurpureum Lateral leaflet without lobe large stipules (6 mm) Lablab purpureus small stipules (2 mm) Mucuna pruriens
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Ecology
Comoros: Teramnus labialis is an uncommon species encountered on the edges of cultivations, in fallows.
Madagascar: A common weed in the highlands and the western side of the island: Antananarivo, Antsirabe, the Middle East, the West and Southwest.
Mauritius: Common species at low altitude in drier areas in open station, roadsides, fallow, crop, in vacant lots.
Reunion: ruderal plant that grows best along paths, in the hedges, near houses and in fallow during the rainy season. It is also a rare weed in crops.
Seychelles: Present in clearings and in abandoned places. It is rarely abundant.
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Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Teramnus labialis is an infrequent weed.
Madagascar: Its frequency in cultures is relatively low but can be very harmful (especially for upland rice), hindering harvest and post-harvest work and causing significant crop losses if it is not removed on time.
Mauritius: A weed rarely found in crops.
Reunion: T. labialis is present in 10% of cultivated land, mainly in the sugarcane fields and, occasionally, vegetable cultivations and pineapple. This is a climbing species that tends to curl in canes bordering fields, but it is never abundant.
Seychelles: Low harmfulness.
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Information Listing
References
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
Documents
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